Japanese scientists at Nara Medical University, led by Professor Hiromi Sakai, have developed a universal artificial blood that could revolutionize emergency medicine. The synthetic blood, compatible with all blood types, is made by extracting hemoglobin from expired donor blood and encasing it in lipid vesicles (HbVs) to mimic red blood cells. Unlike traditional blood, which requires refrigeration and expires within weeks, this artificial blood can be stored at room temperature for up to two years, making it ideal for disaster zones, remote areas, and military use.
Clinical trials began in March 2025, with 16 healthy volunteers receiving 100 to 400 milliliters of the artificial blood. Initial tests in 2022 showed minor side effects like fever and rash, which resolved quickly, and no serious adverse events were reported. The product is virus-free, eliminating infection risks, and bypasses blood type matching, addressing global blood shortages, particularly in low-income regions where the World Health Organization notes 40% of 118 million annual blood donations come from high-income countries.
If trials confirm safety and efficacy, the artificial blood could be in clinical use by 2030, potentially transforming trauma care, surgeries, and disaster response. The innovation, also supported by Japan’s National Defense Medical College, has shown promise in animal trials for oxygen transport and clotting. However, challenges remain, including scaling production and ensuring affordability for widespread adoption.
